To what extent, if any, do the interests of strategy practitioners and Essay

To what extent, if any, do the interests of strategy practitioners and academic strategists coincide - Essay Example It gives emphasis on freedom, security, social justice, and protection of the environment and non can be achieved on the basis solely of the market forces. The strategies applied in the economic development are facilitated by a free market and it fosters efficient allocation of factors of production, the strategy practitioner usually adopts the nation principal institutional instrument of collective action (Strategic Studies, 2007). Strategy practitioners incorporate their knowledge into production as the practical means of achievement and the government takes the responsibility in mediating the interests and making policies that are based on the agreement that involves in countries leading particular social groups that are committed to development. The nature of strategies arises from the needs and opportunity in organizing efforts to raise living standards. There is a high correlation between the academic strategists and strategy practitioners particularly in the achievement of major political objectives. The society is viewed as civil society and a nation, and the society agree on national development strategy contributed by the academic strategists wherein it gives a strong and lively nation. ... In developing a strategy, there is planning applied in early stages of the establishment. Despite the limitations of the market, general planning is indicative and plans become specific in dealing with the industries that are viewed in the moment as strategic. The strategy persists in global capitalism rather a national competition strategy. The development of strategy is the result of collective decision making process. It pursues alternatives that are capable of steering it towards development. The nature in strategic development arises on the needs and opportunity in raising its living standards and with the correlation between the development and achievement of major objectives.In the development of strategies, it involves entrepreneurs, bureaucrats, and workers. Strategy with program regarded as means by which the actors have incomplete information and have limited rationality that appraise the alternatives and make choices. Strategies are series of decision being carried out in well defined manner and it enables the terms in the assessment of alternatives. The strategy takes three principles such as its consideration to the strong games only, it gives emphasis on the alternatives available to the opponents, and it allows the opponent to make moves in response. Strategists begin by diagnosing the situation and in searching all the alternatives, however they cannot pursue every alternative but within the framework it appears to be more promising and satisfactory. The academic strategists have no illusion as to optimization and they know that they have limited time in making decisions. Interest of Strategy P 3 In the implementation of defined strategy, it use all means available such as by writing laws, adopting economic policies, and they

Development Economics nd interntionl debt crisis Essay

Development Economics nd interntionl debt crisis - Essay Example Rther, it must be understood within the broder context of ntionl governnce nd economic mngement s well s the globl politicl economy, especilly the interntionl finncil rchitecture. The debt problem is intimtely relted to openness nd the cpcity or lck thereof for competitiveness nd beneficil globliztion. Those countries unble or unwilling to tke dvntge of globliztion hve the highest debt burden. In the following pper I will be discussing interntionl debt crisis tht hs been the issue for the lst decdes s well s previous yers. I will provide techniques nd methods tht re considered to be effective in eliminting the debt, review the finncil stte of countries tht mostly suffer from the debt nd come up with conclusions nd recommendtions. To provide blnced pproch, I will briefly discuss domestic debt: wht it is, its importnce for the domestic economy, why it hs been going up for most of the poor indebted countries, nd the need to tke n integrted pproch to understnding nd mnging the ntionl deb t. The prolonged debt crisis of developing countries hs lwys been ssocited with ctive serches for different strtegies for solving the crisis. t the beginning, emphsis ws on rescheduling debt pyments to give debtor countries more time nd to provide them with dditionl finncil resources to meet their current nd future obligtions. Debt-equity swps, lso known s debt-equity conversion, refers to process or processes by which debt instrument of debtor country, denominted in foreign exchnge, is converted into n equity investment in tht country. For exmple, if Brzil borrows $100 million from n mericn bnk, the lon cn be converted into debt-equity swps whereby the mericn bnk, or other investors, converts the mrket vlue of the lon into equity shres of Brzilin compny. The process of converting debt into equity vries from country to country. In simplified form, here re the common steps. To begin with, n investor wishing to invest in debtor country through the debt-equity swps submits proposl to the debtor government. Once the proposl is pproved, the investor purchses the debt of tht country, often owed to n interntionl bnk. The price pid is less thn the fce vlue of the debt instrument, clculted to reflect the mrket expecttions concerning the likelihood tht the debt will be serviced ccording to the originl schedule. The more severely indebted country is, the less likely it is to service its debt ccording to schedule nd, therefore, the lower the price the investors py for the debt-equity swps. Once the sle is complete, it is presented to the centrl bnk for redemption in the locl currency. The centrl bnk pys somewhere between the fce vlue nd the secondry mrket vlue of the pper. Investors then use these funds to mke their investments. To mximize the benefits nd minimize the costs of debt-equity swps, debtor countries develop policy frmework nd detiled guidelines for their implementtion. The guidelines generlly define the eligible investors, purpose for the investments, priority sectors or geogrphicl res for the investments, restrictions on profit remittnce nd cpitl reptrition, nd requirements for new money inflows. Regrding eligibility, n importnt issue is whether the debtor

The War on Polio and Other Wars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The War on Polio and Other Wars - Essay Example The war on polio was waged against the disease through the democratic effort of then President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who is a polio victim himself. The war on polio became a huge success because of his efforts. However, aside from polio there were other wars waged by America and many of them did not attain the same success as the war on polio perhaps because of what the other administrations failed to do. The joint efforts of the government and the people themselves helped in the success of the war against polio. Former U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was afflicted with polio since 1921 and even until he became President in 1933. In 1937, Roosevelt, partly because of his own affliction and perhaps because of his genuine concern for children affected by the polio virus, instituted the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (Kluger). The National Foundation used the latest advertising, fund raising, and research to find a cure for polio, or perhaps some management te chniques, and most of all to reduce the disease into something that should not be feared (Oshinsky 5). The war on polio became successful because it was all about democratic effort and was greatly supported by people from all sectors, as the whole American nation participated in the annual galas held in the whole country during Roosevelt’s birthday. ... Thus, the case of polio concerned everyone. The people whose responsibility is to find a cure for it were under a huge pressure not only from the President but also from the whole nation, and so its success was inevitable. As the National Foundation’s director of research from 1946 to 1953, Harry Weaver deserves much of the credit for the development of the vaccine against polio. Moreover, his efforts at convincing Jonas Salk to work on the cure for polio virus instead of influenza were greatly instrumental to the success of the vaccine. Aside from Weaver’s convincing power, the foundation’s first check for Salk amounting to $41,000 plus money from other sources also greatly helped (Oshinsky 112,116). Nevertheless, the main factor, perhaps, that made America win the war on polio was its efforts to cooperate with other countries, and even with the Soviet Union, and to set aside political differences first before medical concerns. From 1963 to 1999, the Sabin live vaccine proved to be more efficient than the Salk killed vaccine because the positive results were immediate in the former. However, since the whole country was then already using the Salk vaccine, Sabin decided to test his vaccine in the late 1950s in the Belgian Congo and in the Soviet Union, despite the Cold War and the political tension between the United States and the Russian country (â€Å"Two Vaccines†). With such diplomacy and urgency, countries were able to set aside political differences first and learned how to develop a mutual agreement to focus on the more urgent issue at hand. Thus, the war on polio was won. The war on AIDS is not as successful as the war on polio because of several reasons but one of them is the growing hesitation of the American government to

The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict - Essay Example It is within this context of competing narratives and intractable conflict that the Oslo peace process was born. Guided by the hope of arriving at a just and lasting peace, Israeli and Palestinian leaders designed, composed, and signed seven interim agreements, known as the Oslo peace process. These agreements were intended to resolve their differences on issues such as borders and security, Jerusalem, and the right of return for refugees. They were also meant to mark a time of relative tranquillity in the region, particularly as compared to the violence that has been witnessed throughout Israel- Palestine’s troubled history. Agreements were reached through various means, such as public, back-channel, official, and non-official efforts. Throughout this process, the United States was involved as a mediator, though less so during the initial stages, which included the composition and signing of the Declaration of Principles, Oslo I, and Oslo II. However, following the 1997 election into the office of the Likud party’s Benyamin Netanyahu, the U.S. became more involved through subsequent agreements, including the Hebron Agreement, the Wye River Memorandum, and the Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum. While conceding to the fact that Oslo ultimately failed, it significantly contributed to the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. First, Oslo succeeded in transforming the conflict from a struggle over identity (which is an existential and intractable one) to a struggle over concrete and potentially tractable issues.

Health Promotion in Nursing Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Promotion in Nursing Care - Essay Example It should enhance commitment among individuals, communities and families by giving them literacy in health and promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors. To attain this, it helps to decrease the financial burden on patients by cutting the cost of health care by increasing the role played by the government in carrying the financial burden (Bomar, 2004). Nurses are known to work in close collaboration with the community therefore serve the role healers, educators, advocates and researchers in the levels of promotion and promotion. Purpose of Health Promotion in Nursing Practice The nursing practice plays a key role in health promotion, as nurses are guide individuals, communities, families and organizations in making sound decisions concerning health (Pender, Murdaugh and Parsons, 2011). The nursing practice is involved is various aspects of health promotion including illness prevention, patient education, consultation, follow up treatment and other clinical nursing practices. Health promo tion results to positive changes in the nursing practice including improved adherence to the code of practice governing the profession, improved quality service delivery and increased health outcomes. Health promotion introduces the approach of community-based practice there nurses’ roles and responsibilities are focused towards improving the health status in their respective communities through education and prevention of diseases (Linsley, Kane and Owen, 2011). Moreover, nurses working with respect to the health promotion model take every contact with a patient to be a learning intervention. For instance, while dressing the wound of a diabetic patient, the nurse takes this opportunity to discuss on how to manage the disease. Concisely, nurses in health organizations should appreciate the value of health promotion and adequately serve in their respective duties as caregivers and educators. Evolution of Nursing Roles and Responsibilities in Health Promotion Nurses’ rol es and responsibilities have evolved greatly over the past decades. Traditionally, the main aims of health promotion by nurses were transforming individuals’ behavior concerning their health and disease prevention (Pender, Murdaugh and Parsons, 2011). However, nursing roles and responsibilities have changed since they have increased experience and knowledge of health promotion. In the modern times, the nurses’ roles and responsibilities are not limited to what they learnt during their study. They need to work hard to ensure their role in health promotion is acknowledged (Lundy and Janes, 2009). The new nursing roles and duties are holistic and this requires nurses to be multidisciplinary. In other words, they need to acquire relevant knowledge and skills in areas of emergency care, counseling, behavioral science, health promotion, illness assessment; community needs assessment and family intervention. Nurses are seen as advocates of change in the health sector therefor e need to be aware of changes and trends in society and how they could impact on the health of society. Finally, nurses are requires to have high academic credentials as some positions require a minimum of a BSN. Implementation Methods for Health Promotion The

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example As per the franchise agreement, the Corporation owns most properties where McDonald's is located. The UK business model is different, in that fewer than 30% of restaurants are franchised, with the majority under the ownership of the company. McDonald's trains its franchisees and others at Hamburger University in Oak Brook, Illinois. Nearly one in eight workers in the US has worked with McDonald's at one point in their lives. [1] Eric Schlosser's. McDonald's is also the largest private operator of playgrounds in the country, apart from being the single biggest purchaser of pork, beef, potatoes, and apples. The meats that the company deploys vary with the culture of the country. McDonald's is unique in several ways to its competitors as regards the way it runs its business. It has not always been smooth sailing though, for the most famous fast food joint in the world. McDonald's has been targeted by criticism for allegations of manipulation of entry-level workers, , ecological damage generated by industrial processing of its products, selling far from healthy food, producing packaging waste, exploitative and controversial advertising and partaking in the suffering of livestock. McDonald's' tendency towards promoting high-calorie foods like French fries has not helped either. Also, several McDonald's restaurants are alleged to have used substitute meats, like wildebeest and horse. While these allegations are serious, some argue that it is simply paying the price for being famous. McDonald's Food supply chain McDonald's puts food safety at the very top of their agenda. This is not surprising for a company that does billions of sales revenue annually. This kind of ethics promotes good business as well. At the heart of the McDonald's operation is a quality assurance and supplier food safety programs and is seen as top corporate priority. Suppliers and franchisees have to follow meticulous quality and safety guidelines if they want to sustain their association with McDonald's. It is a high-profile business whose success is founded on good customer experience. Thus, setting clear food safety and quality expectations is the best way to make the business work. [2] Sarah Fister Gale "Food safety is a never-ending process for McDonald's, from raw materials, through the facilities and distribution centers, and all the way to the restaurants. It's a top priority at McDonald's. It's a fundamental standard of our business and our heritage, and will never be compromised." - Lamont Rumbers, director of quality systems for McDonald's USA. [2] For sandwich buns alone McDonald's has tie-ups with more than 20 bakeries all

Osama Bin Laden Essay Example for Free

Osama Bin Laden Essay When the United States experienced the simultaneous terror attacks on September 11, 2001, our country launched a manhunt for the person whom all data pointed to as the mastermind of the attack, Osama Bin Laden. It began as a manhunt for the most wanted terrorist in the world with the mission of getting him dead or alive and ending the threat of international terrorism. As time went on though, the facts and figures, as well as the slant of the military objectives got derailed and Osama Though not forgotten, is no longer the focal point of the war on terror. There is enough evidence in the president’s interviews to prove that the country is has bungled every aspect of the manhunt and our leaders have lost sight of their original mission objectives and perhaps hope that the reports of Bin laden’s medical condition are true and that it will kill him. Or maybe they are hoping against hope that one of the bombs dropped in the caves of Afghanistan actually killed him. Reports have surfaced saying that Osama is as dead as he can ever be. Although some say he is still hiding out in Pakistan or Afghanistan. Which is which? If he is alive, why has he not released a video recently to the news media? Is it true that he limits his exposure only to the internet these days? Or, is this a sign that he is indeed dead? This is what bothers me the most. The fact that our countries leaders are more concentrated on Iraq, a country that seems hell-bent on imploding instead of insuring the protection of our own country against the threats of Osama and his cohorts. Nobody is bothering to confirm the real status of Bin Laden right now it seems. I guess nobody will and the hunt for him will remain a 2nd priority until the next time American lives are sacrificed in an even larger terror attack. Is Osama alive or dead? I believe that because of the way things are going now in the hunt for this terrorist, nobody will ever find the real answer. America has too many tongs in the fire and cannot really complete any of the war goals that have been set. Bin Laden’s cohorts will continue to try propagate the idea that Bin Laden is alive even if he is dead by any means possible for them. Maybe he is dead, but the world will never really know the truth because there is no real evidence to point to his being alive or dead. America‘s indifference to proving the status of Bin laden will mean that at present, and even in the future, the threat of world terrorism will continue to exist and be felt throughout the free world and Bin Laden will continue to be the terrorism poster boy.